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The House of Baux is a French noble family from the south of France. It was one of the richest and most powerful families of Medieval Provence, known as the 'Race d’Aiglon'. They were independent Lords as castellan of Les Baux and Arles and wielded very considerable authority at local level. They held important fiefs and vast lands (Vienne, vicomte de Marseilles, Berry, Bruges, Montpellier, the principality of Orange).〔.〕 In Provençal, the word “Baux” ( "li Baou" in provencal) means escarpment/cliff, and refers to the natural fortress on which the family built their castle, the Château des Baux and the village that surrounded it. The word is also seen in Bau-maniere, Bau-baisse, Bau-mirane, Bau-Cous-temple. In provencal to be from les Baux, des Baux, was "de Baucio". The natural defense provided by the escarpment, the raised and protected mountain valley that allowed them to have a protected food supply, and the natural ridge of the Alpilles that allowed them to control all the approaches to the citadel of Les Baux and the surrounding countryside, including the passage up and down the Rhone, and the approaches from the Mediterranean, made that the fortress impervious to the military technology of the time. The family of des Baux exists today in Naples in the person of several noble families ("del Balzo") descended from younger sons who followed Charles of Anjou south. After the death of , the last sovereign of Baux, the chateaux and town were seized by King Rene, who gave it to his 2nd wife, Queen Jeanne of Laval. When Provence was united with the crown, almost 150 yrs of royal governors followed, including the lords, later counts and princes de Manville. Les Baux became a centre for Protestantism. Its unsuccessful revolt against the crown led Cardinal Richelieu in 1632 to order that the castle and its walls should be demolished. This was accomplished with the aid of cannon. ==Lords of Baux== The earliest definite ancestor was one Pons (Poncius) (name could designate a trader from Greece) "Iuvenis" (the younger, meaning there was an older?). Pons The Younger was mentioned in 3 legal acts:〔 * 〕 * 1st in the act of donation of 14 May 971 donating Montmajour to Boson & his wife Folcoare, * 2nd in 975 in the act of donation of land to St Etienne d'Arles, now called St. Trophime (Arch. du chap. d'Arles, liv. autent. f. 22) *3rd with his wife Profecte in an act of donation in 981 The family descent then is: *Pons (971-?), father of *Hugh I (?-1059), father of *William I Hugh (1050–1110), father of *Raymond I (1110–1150), father of *Hugh II (1150–1167) *Bertrand I (1167–1181), brother of Hugh II, first prince of Orange *Hugh III, lord of Baux, viscount of Marseille (1181–1240), eldest son of Bertrand I *Barral I ''of Baux'' (1240–1268), father of *Bertrand III (1268–1305), father of *Raymond II (1305–1322), father of *Hugh IV (1322–1351), father of *Robert (1351–1353) *Raymond III (1353–1372), brother of *John I (1372–1375) *Alice I (1372–1426), sister of This branch of the House of Baux was declared extinct in 1426. The domains were inherited by Counts of Provence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「House of Baux」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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